What are the Symptoms of Pregnancy?

Pregnancy is a process that begins with a woman getting pregnant and culminates in childbirth. During this period, the mother’s body produces hormones necessary for the healthy growth of the baby and prepares for the baby’s delivery. At the same time, the expectant mother undergoes physical and emotional changes. Increased vaginal discharge, implantation bleeding or spotting (not observed in every woman), nausea, frequent urination, fatigue and drowsiness, mood swings, cramp-like pains in the abdomen and pelvis, breast tenderness, and a feeling of bloating are considered among the first signs of pregnancy. Below, we will explain these symptoms in more detail.

• Nausea and Vomiting: In the early months of pregnancy, fluctuations in hormones, changing preferences for nutrients needed for the baby, and increased stomach acidity can lead to nausea and vomiting. However, these symptoms typically improve in the first 3-4 months of pregnancy.
• Tender Breasts and Darker Nipples: Due to hormonal fluctuations in pregnancy, breasts can become more sensitive, and nipples may darken.
• Changes in Smell and Taste: Hormonal fluctuations at the beginning of pregnancy can lead to changes in the sense of smell and taste. Some smells and foods may become more bothersome after the onset of pregnancy.
• Abdominal Cramps, Discharge, and Bleeding: After the start of pregnancy, cramps, light bleeding, and discharge may occur due to the enlargement of the uterus and the formation of the placenta. However, if there is bleeding and pain, it is important to consult a doctor immediately.
• Excessive Fatigue: Hormonal fluctuations, nausea, and, if present, anemia can lead to excessive fatigue and a tendency to sleep in the early stages of pregnancy.
• Mood Swings: Hormonal fluctuations at the beginning of pregnancy, along with factors such as stress and anxiety, can result in changes in mood.
• Bloating or Constipation: In the early stages of pregnancy, an increase in the progesterone hormone can lead to gas, bloating, and constipation.
• Disturbance in Sleep Patterns: In the later stages of pregnancy, the enlargement of the uterus, increased frequency of urination, and hormonal changes can result in insomnia.
• Frequent Urination: In the later stages of pregnancy, the growth of the uterus and the increase in the baby’s weight can exert pressure on the bladder, leading to a frequent urge to urinate.
• Increased Appetite and Unusual Food Cravings: With the onset of pregnancy, hormonal fluctuations and changing preferences for nutrients needed for the baby can lead to increased appetite and unusual cravings.
• Changes in the Skin: During pregnancy, nearly all women experience changes in the skin, such as changes in color and pigmentation. This condition is more intense in individuals with darker skin tones, as the increased hormones stimulate cells called ‘melanocytes,’ which give color to the skin.
• Forgetfulness: Due to the increase in hormones, such as progesterone and cortisol, forgetfulness can occur during pregnancy. Lack of sleep during pregnancy can also contribute to forgetfulness.